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The best way is to watch and hear them (through readings,
tapes, TV, radio, conversations) and then let your brain to the work of inference,
that is, of deducting what is right and what is not. Then you can look in a grammar book
to get a precise "rule" or explanation of the pattern.
For the basic vocabulary, it's a good idea to take lists of
common words, either from specialized books or from a standard textbook. Then you can make
flashcards or if you're a genius, learn them as you read them.
For advanced vocabulary, my approach is to make a flash card
for every new word I get while reading or listening, and then learn it. This is very
efficient for languages related to one you already speak, but if you learn russian or
chinese, you might wish to be a little more selective on the words you choose to learn.
Use mental "hooks". These are little drawings you
make in your mind to hang the new word somewhere in your mind where it will stick. For
example, if you were to learn the spanish word embarazada
(pregnant), you might think of a woman which is embarassed
by her protruding belly as she walks the streets. Or to learn russian for often, tchyasta, you might feature a young lady who when asked if she
is chast, answers, tchyasta.
Sometimes you just can't remember words until you make such a
figure, and then you can't forget them. The beautiful thing is that after some time you
forget the figure (the hook), but the word stays.
First of all, you want to be understood, and for this there's
a minimum pronunciation correctness that you must achieve. Some people decide to stop when
they have reached that level, and speak all their life with strong accents (do you know
any French ?).
You should always try to get a perfect pronunciation,
especially the intonation, the music of the word. This as a politeness to your listeners
and because it's better to to things well. Of course, perfect pronunciation is not easy to
achieve, and you should not be ashamed if people recognize your accent. But it would be
shameful to rest lazily on the rythm and the phonemes of your mother tongue when you speak
in another one.
Find yourself texts that interest you, pick an article and
begin to read. Look up every word that you don't know or that you can't guess, and go on
until the end of the article. If your general level in the language is sufficient, this is
the best and only way I know to improve reading skills. After a few weeks of daily
reading, you will touch the dictionary less and less.
If you only practice your language passively (reading and
listening), you can't be fluent unless you begin talking to people. But there are many
ways to train you to do this if you don't live in the "right" country for this :
Buy tapes that make you talk back, try to contact native speakers of your target language
around you (cultural centers, embassies, etc...) and go to the country if you can.
Find penpals that will make you want to write : this is very
easy on the internet, with services like the rendez-vous directory or one of the thousand
email forums out there. But beware : with email you need more common interests with the
person if you want to have a long term correspondence with him/her, because all the other
aspects of human interaction are gone. So, choose well.
This takes time, but if you listen real hard, read through
transcripts of sendings (available for some languages on www.dwelle.de
) then you will catch little by little.
Everybody does this at least once. This is bad but you can
catch up. Just repeat the last lesson before the one where you stopped and go one
regularly with the rest. After one week you will be back on saddle.
Even my dog can get understood. Of course, the first things
you want is understand and getting understood, but unless you have very specific missions
to do, you need more (look at the military lexicons on lingnet.army.mil
: hands up ! Don't move ! etc... ). You should aim for a correct syntax and a good
pronunciation. If you make a lot of errors, most people will not have any pleasure talking
to you and you will not instill any confidence in business partners. A fair command of the
language is necessary to command respect.
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Disclaimer
I have made every effort to ensure
that this text is free of errors or copyright infringement. Nevertheless, some may have
slipped through. Also, these pages only reflect my opinion on language learning, limited
by my own experiences and knowledge. I invite you to contact me if you feel something is wrong and
should be corrected. (requests about American political correctness will be dismissed)
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